Jahanpanah Fort, located in Delhi, was established by Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq in the 14th century (around 1326–1327). It was constructed as part of a larger effort to protect the region from the threat of Mongol invasions and to serve as a new fortified capital city. The name "Jahanpanah" means "Refuge of the World," reflecting Tughlaq's ambition to create a secure and defensible capital. Key Features of Jahanpanah Fort: Purpose: The fort was built to enclose and connect the four major cities of Delhi at that time—Siri, Tughlaqabad, Lal Kot (Qila Rai Pithora), and the site of modern Mehrauli. Architecture: The fort was a massive structure, typical of Tughlaq-era architecture, with thick, high walls and bastions to fortify the city. Large gates, mosques, and other buildings were included within the complex. Some of the construction was likely an extension of earlier city walls. Tughlaqabad Integration: Jahanpanah acted as an extension of Tughlaqabad, an earlier fort built by Tughlaq’s father, Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq. However, Jahanpanah was intended to be a more central and functional city, bridging gaps between the older urban centers. Ruins Today: Only a few remains of Jahanpanah Fort are still visible today, including sections of the walls and some isolated structures. The most notable remains are parts of the Bijay Mandal and Begampur Mosque, both of which are linked to the larger fortifications. Historical Significance: Jahanpanah played a crucial role during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. However, the city was abandoned not long after his death, as subsequent rulers shifted their capitals and the fortunes of the Tughlaq dynasty declined. Jahanpanah’s ruins are a reminder of Tughlaq’s ambitious urban planning, but its relatively short lifespan and the subsequent decline in maintenance have left much of the site lost to history.
